Growth hormone exerts many of its growth-promoting effects primarily through which mediator produced in the liver?

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Multiple Choice

Growth hormone exerts many of its growth-promoting effects primarily through which mediator produced in the liver?

Explanation:
Growth hormone drives most of its growth-promoting effects by stimulating the liver to produce IGF-1. When GH signals hepatocytes, IGF-1 is released into the bloodstream and acts on various tissues—especially bone and cartilage—to stimulate cell division, differentiation, and protein synthesis, leading to linear and overall growth. IGF-1 is therefore the primary mediator of GH’s growth effects. IGF-binding protein 3, produced in the liver, helps regulate IGF-1’s availability and stability, but it does not itself drive the growth response. Insulin is a separate metabolic hormone and isn’t the mediator of GH’s growth actions.

Growth hormone drives most of its growth-promoting effects by stimulating the liver to produce IGF-1. When GH signals hepatocytes, IGF-1 is released into the bloodstream and acts on various tissues—especially bone and cartilage—to stimulate cell division, differentiation, and protein synthesis, leading to linear and overall growth. IGF-1 is therefore the primary mediator of GH’s growth effects.

IGF-binding protein 3, produced in the liver, helps regulate IGF-1’s availability and stability, but it does not itself drive the growth response. Insulin is a separate metabolic hormone and isn’t the mediator of GH’s growth actions.

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