When hypertension results from an endocrine disorder, what hormonal state is usually found?

• A. Underproduction
• B. Overproduction
• C. Normal production
• D. Variable production

Answer: (B)

Endocrine-related hypertension usually results from an excess of a hormone. When a gland produces too much of a hormone, it can raise blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention or by increasing vascular tone. For example, too much aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water, expanding plasma volume and raising pressure. Excess catecholamines from a tumor can cause vasoconstriction and higher cardiac output, also elevating blood pressure. Because the problem is excess hormone, overproduction is the typical hormonal state seen. Underproduction tends to lower blood pressure, normal production wouldn’t produce an endocrine cause of hypertension, and variable production is not the usual pattern for this mechanism.